Part X
Checklists and Materials
Estimated reading time: 26 min
This appendix has two working lanes. The reader lane covers readiness and consent, high-risk protocols, and choosing a facilitator. The facilitator lane holds infrastructure for people who are actually responsible for groups or containers. Choosing support does not make a reader responsible for a facilitator’s workload or clinical scope.
Reader Safety: Readiness and Consent
Use this lane before entering a practice, scene, retreat, or facilitated container. It supports personal choice and due diligence; it does not transfer professional responsibility onto the participant.
Threshold Safety Checklist
Use this checklist before engaging in advanced Shadow Work, the Void Meditation protocols in Part VII (Void Meditation), or other high-charge or threshold-crossing practices.
Assess capacity, load, and threshold before you enter.
Readiness · Pacing · Aftercare
Support
Capacity
Plan and Container
Pacing and Stop Conditions
If you lose orientation to place or time, cannot make a simple choice or stop clearly, or cannot contact support or use grounding when needed, stop and seek support.
To ground, stop the exercise, look around, and name where you are. Let breathing return to its ordinary rhythm. Choose an accessible anchor: a visible object, a sound, contact with a chair, or deliberate movement. Contact your support person if orientation or choice does not return. Emergency signs require emergency care, not more grounding.
Focus–Flow–Feeling Check
Use this optional check when deciding whether to continue, slow, or stop a practice.
- Focus — Narrow ↔︎ Broad: Narrow attention can support precision or protection; broader attention can include body, room, task, and relationship. Ask whether you can shift the aperture enough to orient and choose.
- Flow — Structured ↔︎ Adaptive: Structure and fluidity can each support capacity. Notice whether you can pause, adjust pace, and choose, or whether compulsion, shutdown, or override has removed those options.
- Feeling — Guarded ↔︎ Available: Contact with emotion may be soft, firm, braced, numb, or flooded. Ask whether you can notice enough to say yes, no, or not now. Coherent bracing, load, structured movement, or deliberate effort can also support choice.
No position on these ranges is inherently better. The question is whether you can orient, adjust, choose, and stop. If those capacities are slipping, reduce intensity or stop and use the grounding steps above.
Reader Safety: High-Risk Protocols
Partnered Eros and Kink: Minimum Safety Floor
Partnered Eros and kink can carry intimacy, play, ordeal, ritual, or transformation. A scene cannot promise therapy or healing, and intensity proves neither depth nor integrity. Scene roles are ritualized fictions enacted through real bodies and nervous systems; the agreements below keep the frame from becoming coercion or the relationship’s ordinary script.
Before the Scene
- Adults with present capacity: Every participant is an adult, sober, oriented to place and time, able to understand and communicate the agreement through an accessible method, able to make a simple choice, and able to stop or seek help. Disability or neurodivergence does not by itself negate consent capacity. Active mania or psychosis, current time loss, severe dissociation, intoxication, or inability to remain safe means no scene.
- Living-Consent: Consent is freely given, informed, specific to the acts and roles proposed, ongoing, accessible through each person’s agreed communication method, and revocable at any moment. Withdrawal needs no justification. Intent cannot excuse conduct or erase impact. Consensual pain or acknowledged risk is not itself ethical harm, but neither removes the duty to reduce avoidable injury and answer for what occurred.
- Limits and communication: Name the intended activity and roles, hard and soft limits, accessibility needs, check-in timing, and what lies outside the agreement. Confirm one unmistakable stop word or signal. Every participant has immediate authority to stop when communication, capacity, consent, or safety wavers; a stop signal ends all activity immediately and without debate. A silent signal is supplementary and is suitable only while breathing, alertness, and movement remain unobstructed.
- Power: Erotic or romantic engagement is prohibited while one person holds professional, institutional, therapeutic, facilitative, employment, housing, or financial leverage over another. Ending a session, course, retreat, or shift does not by itself end that leverage.
- Physical risk: Breath, airway, and neck restriction are outside this safety floor and must not be used. Preparation, apparent competence, or a silent signal cannot make sudden incapacitation or vascular injury predictable.1 Restraint, suspension, impact, temperature, electrical, needle, cutting, blood-related, and other physically risky activities require activity-specific competence, explicit risk review, appropriate sanitation and safety equipment, and an emergency plan. Without that preparation, the activity does not proceed.
- Landing: Agree pre-care, aftercare, and any follow-up before beginning. Aftercare remains consensual and specific; it may include warmth, ordinary food or water, quiet, touch, practical help, space, or no contact. Name who will provide what, when the scene is over, and how each person will get home or reach support.
During the Scene
Use a simple traffic light to keep capacity legible:
- Green — continue: Consent, communication, and capacity remain clear. Keep the agreed limits and check-ins.
- Yellow — slow and clarify: Uncertainty, overwhelm, new terrain, unclear wants, or a missed check-in requires a pause. Continue only after consent and limits are explicit again, with less intensity or more support.
- Red — stop: Dissociation, time loss, panic, freeze, an ignored signal or check-in, blurred capacity or consent, compulsive escalation, or inability to use the agreed signal ends the scene immediately. Ground, return to ordinary orientation, and do not resume that day.
Emergency threshold: Physical collapse, fainting, seizure, loss of consciousness, chest pain, severe breathlessness, dangerous overheating, or severe or rapidly worsening agitation or confusion requires emergency services. Persistent disorientation or impaired functioning after any other stop event requires prompt clinical support. If anyone cannot remain safe, seek urgent or emergency care immediately.
Close the Scene and Restore the Relationship
Scene roles can bleed into ordinary life, especially through fatigue, hierarchy, ritual framing, humiliation, restraint, or unresolved attachment wounds. Closure must therefore restore identity, equality, and choice rather than merely end the activity.
- De-role: Remove gear and role language. Return to everyday posture, voice, and names, then state plainly: “Play is closed.” Any settling touch requires fresh consent. Scene authority ends here; it does not extend into ordinary intimacy, money, housing, parenting, logistics, work, or healthcare.
- Protect the return: Pause role-talk and scene-adjacent contact until everyone has returned to ordinary orientation and can assess impact. No consequential relationship, financial, housing, parenting, work, or healthcare decision belongs inside a scene or an altered or aroused state.
- Debrief without possession: Each person speaks from their own experience. Neither person interprets the other’s history or assigns them an archetypal role. Name impact, any boundary breach, and what must change. Repair, redesigned contact, distance, or exit may each be the truthful outcome; repair never requires reconciliation.
- Require both forms of consent: Scene consent and relationship consent must both remain yes. Either no pauses future play. A scene must not be used to settle active relational conflict, and trust or capacity that remains unclear is sufficient reason not to resume.
When sexual-trauma material, dissociation, compulsive escalation, persistent disorientation, or role bleed exceeds anyone’s capacity to return to ordinary equality, pause partnered work and seek kink-affirming, trauma-informed support. When sexual-trauma symptoms or persistent disorientation disrupt orientation, choice, or daily functioning, licensed clinical support is warranted. High-risk or unstable dynamics warrant arranging support before any future scene.
Medical Screening: Breathwork, Substances, and Return Capacity
First priority: biological integrity. These notes are conservative harm-reduction guidance, not a diagnosis or complete screening protocol. In the United States, the FDA’s July 2026 psychedelic-drug guidance concerns clinical investigations; it is not an approval or a personal-use safety finding. Check current product-specific indications and local legal status rather than inferring either from the guidance.2
Emergency threshold: Call emergency services for chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, seizure, collapse, loss of consciousness, severe or rapidly worsening agitation or confusion, dangerous overheating, one-sided weakness, or inability to remain safe. Do not assume an emergency is “just the breathwork” or try to manage it through more practice.
Match the Screen to the Modality
A condition or medication is not a universal red light across every modality. Review the exact practice or substance, route, full medication and supplement list, and current state. Void Meditation itself uses ordinary, unforced breathing and no substance; do not import breathwork or drug contraindications into the practice. Screen any added breath manipulation, substance, or other method separately. Screen the Dragon’s Plunge for dissociation, active mania or psychosis, orientation, agency, stop response, and return capacity.
For high-intensity breathing, review relevant heart, lung, neurological, eye, pregnancy, and recent-surgery risks with a clinician. For any substance, complete the substance-specific medication screen below; generic “clearance” does not establish safety.
Rapid, Forced, or Prolonged Breathwork Screen
Use these as reasons to stop and obtain modality-specific clinical advice before high-intensity breathing.
Rapid hyperventilation can provoke epileptiform activity or seizures in susceptible people.3 It can also lower carbon dioxide and cause dizziness, tingling, cramping, fast heartbeat, chest pain, or faintness. Stop. Do not assume chest pain, severe breathlessness, fainting, seizure, one-sided weakness, or persistent confusion is “just hyperventilation”; call emergency services.4
Substance-Specific and Medication Screen
Medication interactions are substance-specific and can be serious. Do not start, stop, taper, or skip prescribed medication to take a psychedelic or dissociative. Ask the prescriber or pharmacist to review the exact substance and every prescription, over-the-counter medicine, and supplement.
Serotonin syndrome is a potentially life-threatening reaction to serotonergic drugs, especially certain combinations. Seek emergency care for high fever, seizure, severe rigidity or clonus, loss of consciousness, or rapidly worsening agitation or confusion with sweating, diarrhoea, tremor, or unstable heart rate or blood pressure after serotonergic exposure. Do not diagnose or manage it yourself.10
Pregnancy and breastfeeding require substance-specific medical advice or avoidance. Spravato prescribing information says to avoid use in pregnancy and not to breastfeed during treatment.11
Psychological Stability and Return-Capacity Screen
For psychedelic or other strongly altered-state work, do not proceed during active psychosis or mania. A qualified clinician should assess relevant personal and family psychiatric history as part of the substance-specific screen; family history is not itself a personal diagnosis. If someone cannot remain safe, stop the practice and seek urgent mental-health or emergency support appropriate to the situation.
Current time loss, severe dissociation, inability to stay oriented, or inability to stop means no altered-state practice. Seek qualified mental-health support, and use emergency services when safety cannot be maintained. Screen present function and capacity rather than treating a diagnosis alone as destiny.
For standalone Void Meditation, require stable orientation, intact agency, a reliable stop response, a grounded return plan, and support proportionate to dissociation risk. Do not proceed during active mania or psychosis, current time loss or severe dissociation, or inability to remain safe.12 If any return condition is absent, do not use standalone Void Meditation. A brief Void moment is a lower-intensity pause, not the Dragon’s Plunge; use it only while ordinary external orientation, agency, and the stop response remain intact. Otherwise return to external orientation and grounding, and seek support proportionate to the loss of capacity.
Adapt or Pause
- Asthma: Avoid forced hyperventilation and review the exact breath method; keep prescribed rescue medication accessible.
- PTSD: High-intensity methods can flood or destabilize. Use trauma-informed support, titration, and aftercare.
- General anxiety: Begin with ordinary, unforced breathing and grounding; pause if panic escalates.
- Pregnancy: Avoid rapid, forceful, or high-intensity breathing unless a clinician familiar with the exact method advises otherwise.
Choose the screen that fits the actual method; when the answer is uncertain, do less.
Reader Safety: Choosing and Vetting a Facilitator
Use this guide when choosing a teacher, facilitator, retreat, workshop, or other guided practice. Apply the medical and substance checks only where the method requires them.
Safety questions deserve clear answers. If asking feels unsafe, pause, seek outside support, or choose another facilitator.
Pause-and-Investigate Flags
The concerns in this section are gaps in information or infrastructure. Pause and investigate before proceeding. A convincing explanation does not clear conduct listed under Immediate Disqualifiers below; those conditions require no further inquiry.
- Training, role limits, supervision, or external accountability cannot be verified.
- Screening, emergency, follow-up, or escalation plans are missing, vague, or not proportionate to the actual method and intensity.
- Written policies on touch, confidentiality, dual relationships, sexuality, complaints, or refunds are absent or ambiguous.
- Fees, separately priced support, and the duration of integration support are unclear.
- The container relies on charisma, exclusivity, or claimed spiritual status where verifiable safeguards should stand.
Facilitator Vetting & Safety Checklist
I. Medical and Safety Protocols
1. Screening & Intake
- Green Flag: They clearly name exclusion criteria and who is not a fit.
- Red Flag: “Everyone is welcome” or “the medicine heals everything,” with no respect for biological risk.
2. Emergency Protocols
-
- Good answer: They can state the exact location, emergency-call threshold, who calls, who meets responders, what substance and medication information travels with the person, and how the local poison-information or toxicology service is reached. A private driver does not replace emergency services for seizure, collapse, chest pain, severe agitation or confusion, overheating, or unconsciousness.
- Bad answer: “We trust the universe,” “we handle it energetically,” or “that won’t happen here.”
3. Dosing & Substance
Use these checks when substances are part of the practice.
II. Ethics, Power, and Consent
4. Touch & Consent
Hard Rule: Sexual contact between a facilitator (or staff) and a participant is abuse in this context, regardless of “consent” in the moment.
5. Training & Accountability
6. The “Guru” Test
III. Integration
7. Follow-Up
IV. Somatic Listening
Discomfort is enough reason to pause; it does not by itself establish misconduct. Comfort does not establish safety.
Immediate Disqualifiers
If you see any of these, the answer is no.
- Sexual advances or sexual “healing”: Any comment on your attractiveness, sexual offers, or crossed touch boundaries.
- The “heal-all” promise: Guaranteed cures of depression, trauma, or major illness in one ceremony or weekend.
- Blocking medical care: Pressure to stop prescribed medication without your clinician.
- Hostility to questions: Treating safety questions as “resistance,” “ego,” or “negative energy.”
- Upselling in vulnerability: Sales pressure while you are altered or emotionally raw.
- Dual relationships: The facilitator tries to be your lover, business partner, and therapist/guide all at once.
You can decline or change your mind, including at the last minute. If harm occurs, you may seek outside support, preserve records, use formal reporting routes, or leave. You do not owe the facilitator a private conversation or a chance to repair before seeking recourse.
Facilitator Infrastructure
Use this lane when you hold responsibility for a group or container. These tools support access, pacing, feedback, emergency preparation, and accountability; they do not expand anyone’s clinical scope or replace jurisdiction-specific duties.
Seekers can also consult these checklists when choosing a setting; implementing them remains the facilitator’s responsibility.
Neuro-Affirming Facilitation: The Practical Checklist
Offer several ways to receive instructions, participate, and opt out. Ask about access needs without requiring a diagnosis or explanation.
Before the Event
In the Room
Afterward
Tools for the Wise Facilitator
The Facilitator’s Compass: Self-Awareness and Accountability
Ask privately:
- Am I seeking validation, control, adoration, or the feeling of being needed?
- Where am I rescuing, dominating, avoiding conflict, or reacting to someone’s refusal?
- Can I still orient, choose, pause, and ask a co-facilitator to take over?
Continuous calmness is not required. Continuing without those capacities is unacceptable. Arrange regular supervision and accessible feedback routes; self-awareness alone cannot supply accountability.
Lineage Integrity: Honouring Context
Learn the source, purpose, training requirements, and restrictions of each borrowed practice. Learn from credible teachers and lineage holders, compensate fairly, and credit sources. Name adaptations openly.
Examine how your role, money, or audience could turn a practice into a commodity. Accept correction and stop using elements you cannot hold responsibly. Shared imagery does not make traditions interchangeable.
The Core Facilitation Checklist
Preparation
During
After
A Group Reflection on Power and Trust
Use this for ordinary group reflection, never to adjudicate a report of harm. Every round is optional; passing, observing, solo writing, and leaving require no explanation.
- Set Up (5 min): State the purpose, confidentiality limits, speaking agreements, and right to pass.
- Trust (10 min): Invite each person to write what built or weakened trust. Those who wish may share one observation without crosstalk.
- Power (15 min): In pairs or alone, describe a moment of influence. A partner reflects what they understood and invites correction without advice or interpretation. Either person can end the exchange.
- Shared Patterns (10 min): Notice concrete patterns such as rushed decisions, interrupted speakers, or deference. Ask what agreement or change would help.
- Close (5 min): Write one action to build trust. Sharing remains optional.
Name the actual decision path: who controls the schedule, money, access, or final decision? Call authority equal only where it is genuinely shared. The person with greater authority carries greater responsibility.
Power-Under is a self-audit here. A facilitator does not assign it to a participant; distress, dissent, and reports of harm do not establish covert leverage. When your conduct is reported, set down frameworks for interpreting the reporter and follow the response below.
Ethical Red Flags: Identification and Remedies
Serious Breaches
For touch violations, sexualized conduct, coercion, abuse, or serious boundary breaches: stop the contact or session, protect the participant’s choices, and preserve access to independent support. Document and report as law or policy requires. A private apology or self-supervision is insufficient.
If the report concerns your conduct or container, step back without obstructing or mediating the reporter’s access to recourse. Use formal independent oversight where available; otherwise seek the strongest scrutiny beyond your influence and state its limits. Review within the same organization, lineage, friendship network, or funding relationship remains internal accountability.
Lower-Level Concerns
Direct conversation is appropriate only when safe and freely chosen. The participant decides whether repair contact is wanted; distance, referral, and exit remain valid.
- Boundary drift or dependency: Restore role clarity, obtain supervision, and support outside relationships.
- Dismissal or bypass: Record the concern without rebuttal. Address concrete conduct and impact before offering an interpretation.
- Guilt, shame, flattery, or sales pressure: Stop the tactic. Make refusal possible without financial, social, or spiritual penalty.
- Unclear methods, credentials, or fees: Provide accurate written information and correct misleading claims.
Seek supervision promptly. Where conversation is welcome, Nonviolent Communication offers observation, feeling, need, and request. It does not replace required reporting or independent scrutiny.
Responding to Difficult Behaviour
Describe what happened and ask what would help. Behaviour alone does not reveal neurotype, trauma history, motive, or need.
Offer concrete choices: less stimulation, clearer instructions, processing time, a break, written participation, quiet observation, or leaving. Use the person’s own language for their experience and access needs.
Keep limits specific: “I need to interrupt; our agreement is that each person finishes speaking.” Address impact without diagnosing or humiliating. Remove someone only when necessary for safety, with care; seek qualified help when the situation exceeds your training.
Public Communication and Privacy
Represent qualifications, methods, fees, and affiliations accurately. Credit sources and use people’s own terms for themselves. Obtain explicit consent before sharing stories or images, follow privacy duties, and keep availability and moderation limits clear. Do not turn participant vulnerability into promotion.
Advanced Facilitation
Use advanced methods only with demonstrated training, mentorship, consent, and a fit between the practice and participants’ present capacity.
- Chakra-based practices: Name the source tradition and specific map. Hindu and Buddhist Tantric systems are not interchangeable.
- Meridian-based practices: Work within the named East Asian medical or bodywork system; do not translate meridians into chakras.
- Biofield or contemporary “energy work”: State the method and the status of its claims. Subtle energy is not established physical anatomy or medical treatment.
- Void Meditation and non-dual inquiry: Use the return-capacity screen above, trauma-informed pacing, stop conditions, and integration support.
- Ritual and ceremony: Preserve source context and consent; prepare for psychological distress and avoid extraction.
- Archetypal or dreamwork: Require specific training, role clarity, and attention to projection and transference.
Any touch requires explicit consent. Remain within role and referral limits; spiritual framing does not establish clinical competence.
Consent Readiness Snapshot
Before beginning a group practice, and before increasing its intensity, confirm:
- Each person choosing to proceed can communicate a present, freely given yes through an agreed accessible method.
- They know how to stop or step out.
- They can identify available support if distress arises.
- Method-specific screening is complete. For substances, an appropriately qualified prescriber or pharmacist has reviewed the exact substance against the full medication and supplement list.
If any item is absent, do not begin or escalate the proposed practice. Address the gap, or choose lower-intensity work only when its own consent, capacity, and screening requirements are met. For scenes, use the earlier Partnered Eros and Kink: Minimum Safety Floor, including full negotiation.
Traffic-Light Group Capacity Check
For whole-room pacing, invite a private signal or words:
- Green: Resourced; capacity and consent are clear.
- Yellow: Uncertain; needs clarification or a slower pace.
- Red: Over threshold or opting out; stop participation.
Recheck after a substantial change in activity or intensity. Slow, clarify, offer opt-outs, or stop according to the answer. A red signal ends that person’s participation immediately. Pause the group when needed to support their exit or address unsafe conditions.
Short Consent Check-in Script
- Facilitator: “Colour or words: Green/continue, Yellow/slow or observe, Red/stop. You can signal privately and do not need to explain.”
- Participant: “Yellow. I want to observe, with no touch.”
- Facilitator: “Confirmed. I’ll leave space. Signal or say ‘pause’ if anything shifts.”
Katja Kero, Hannu Lauerma, and Pia Wahlsten describe sexual choking as physiologically unpredictable and never medically safe in “And Then I Got Strangled”: Dangerous Trends of Sexual Choking Among Young People (2026). Helen Bichard et al. review arterial dissection, stroke, loss of consciousness, seizures, and other outcomes after non-fatal strangulation in The Neuropsychological Outcomes of Non-Fatal Strangulation in Domestic and Sexual Violence (2022).↩︎
FDA, Psychedelic Drugs: Considerations for Clinical Investigations, final guidance, July 2026. For esketamine indications, administration requirements, and pregnancy and lactation warnings, see the Spravato prescribing information.↩︎
See PubMed-indexed evidence on hyperventilation as an EEG activation procedure and a review of drug-related seizure risk. The relevant risk depends on the exact method, substance, dose, co-use, and individual history.↩︎
MedlinePlus describes hyperventilation as rapid, deep breathing that lowers blood carbon dioxide and can cause lightheadedness, chest pain, fast heartbeat, tingling, and muscle spasms: MedlinePlus, Hyperventilation. Cleveland Clinic advises avoiding holotropic breathwork or speaking with a healthcare provider first for cardiovascular issues, high blood pressure, recent injury or surgery, regular medication needs, panic attacks, psychosis, seizure disorders, pregnancy, or breastfeeding: Cleveland Clinic, Should You Try Holotropic Breathwork?.↩︎
For a published analysis of online reports associating classic psychedelic coadministration with lithium with seizures, see Sandeep M. Nayak et al., Classic Psychedelic Coadministration with Lithium, but Not Lamotrigine, is Associated with Seizures, Pharmacopsychiatry (2021). A later case report indexed by PubMed reinforces the need for caution while not establishing a population-wide rate.↩︎
Aryan Sarparast et al., “Drug–Drug Interactions Between Psychiatric Medications and MDMA or Psilocybin: A Systematic Review”, Psychopharmacology 239 (2022), finds that interaction evidence differs substantially by exact medicine and substance, with important gaps. The current Spravato prescribing information likewise directs patients to disclose all medicines and supplements and identifies CNS depressants, psychostimulants, and MAOIs for specific review. Neither source supports stopping prescribed medication without the prescriber.↩︎
Aryan Sarparast et al., “Drug–Drug Interactions Between Psychiatric Medications and MDMA or Psilocybin: A Systematic Review”, Psychopharmacology 239 (2022), finds that interaction evidence differs substantially by exact medicine and substance, with important gaps. The current Spravato prescribing information likewise directs patients to disclose all medicines and supplements and identifies CNS depressants, psychostimulants, and MAOIs for specific review. Neither source supports stopping prescribed medication without the prescriber.↩︎
The current DailyMed prescribing information for tramadol warns that serotonin syndrome may be life-threatening and that seizures can occur even at recommended doses.↩︎
Aryan Sarparast et al., “Drug–Drug Interactions Between Psychiatric Medications and MDMA or Psilocybin: A Systematic Review”, Psychopharmacology 239 (2022), finds that interaction evidence differs substantially by exact medicine and substance, with important gaps. The current Spravato prescribing information likewise directs patients to disclose all medicines and supplements and identifies CNS depressants, psychostimulants, and MAOIs for specific review. Neither source supports stopping prescribed medication without the prescriber.↩︎
MedlinePlus describes serotonin syndrome as a potentially life-threatening drug reaction, often occurring when multiple medicines or drugs affecting serotonin are taken together, and advises urgent medical contact if symptoms appear: MedlinePlus, Serotonin syndrome.↩︎
FDA, Psychedelic Drugs: Considerations for Clinical Investigations, final guidance, July 2026. For esketamine indications, administration requirements, and pregnancy and lactation warnings, see the Spravato prescribing information.↩︎
A systematic review identified reported meditation-associated adverse events including anxiety, depression, and cognitive anomalies, with psychosis and mania also represented in the literature: Miguel Farias et al., Adverse events in meditation practices and meditation-based therapies: a systematic review. The review does not establish that all meditation carries the same risk; intensity, method, history, and context matter.↩︎
CDC notes that fentanyl test strips can detect fentanyl but that even a negative result requires caution because strips may miss more potent fentanyl-like drugs such as carfentanil: CDC, Fentanyl. CDC’s naloxone guidance identifies unresponsiveness and slow or abnormal breathing as overdose signs and directs bystanders to give naloxone if available, call emergency services, place the person on their side, and stay until help arrives.↩︎
CDC notes that fentanyl test strips can detect fentanyl but that even a negative result requires caution because strips may miss more potent fentanyl-like drugs such as carfentanil: CDC, Fentanyl. CDC’s naloxone guidance identifies unresponsiveness and slow or abnormal breathing as overdose signs and directs bystanders to give naloxone if available, call emergency services, place the person on their side, and stay until help arrives.↩︎
SAMHSA’s Counselor’s Family Education Manual, pp. 70–71, describes both dangerous overheating and dehydration with MDMA and potentially fatal hyponatremia after excess water intake.↩︎